General Elections and Political Parties

Electoral system in Indonesia

In political science manifold system with a variety of the General Election , but only two basic principles .

Single - member constituency ( one electoral district to choose one representative , usually called the district system

Advantages district system

·           This system leads to the integration of political parties as more seats in contesting only one will be made ​​parties to cooperate .

·           minimize party , party fragmentation in bending can not let the party most

·           Because of small tiu district representatives selected so that the future can know more closely the people enumerated .

Weakness district system

·           The system is the lack of attention to the smaller parties

·           This system is less effective in the community as divided into ethnic groups , religious and tribal

·           His deputy paid more attention to his interests in the area of national

Multi - member constituency ( the local elections to select some representative , usually called proportional representation system or a proportional system )

Advantages proportional system

·           The system is very representative Because many parliamentary seats in the society according to the voice of the community .

·           This system is considered democratic Because buag not to the people's voice

The weakness of the system proporsional

·           This system is less encouraging parties to work together

·           This system is very vulnerable at all because if there will be a conflict between parties , party members tend to break away and set up a new party

·           Elected representative tenuous with the community because a large area .

In Indonesia itself and the district system uses porposional system since 2004 because from 1971 to 1999 using only porposional

In the general election of Indonesian independence to 2009, the Indonesian people have held 10 general elections of 1955, 1971 , 1977, 1982 , 1087 , 1992 , 1999, 2004 and 2009 of all elections that Indonesia is still looking for a suitable system for Indonesian fore going using what the district still porposional or both.

Guided Democracy era elections and reform

Guided Democracy era

At the time of Guided Democracy (1959-1965) , November 1945 government edict revoked on the freedom to form parties that at the time of President Sukarno reduce the number of parties so the 10 parties , among others, PNI , Masjumi , NU , PKI , the Catholic Party , Partindo , Murba Party , PSII Arudji , IPKI and Islamic parties like , in the days of guided democracy is no election .

reform era

At the time of the reform ( 1998-present ) , at the time of the open back for freedom of parties , including the use of a new party , the first time the 2004 presidential election in Indonesia and vice president selected by the people directly , before the president and vice president selected by people's Consultative Assembly ( MPR ) and at this age there is also a selection for DPD ( local councils ) , among others, the terms in the 2014 election , 5000 support should be spread over 13 districts / cities .

Indonesian Election Issues 2014

At the present time the problem - Indonesian election issue is the first of its many artists who participated in nominating himself as a representative of the people , yes it does not see why but if you can afford ? Are they prepared to meet the wishes of the people or just as a place of political parties for seats in the government relied as much fame Indonesian artists . Keduadari problem then and now is the problem of non-voters , As more Indonesian conduct of the 1999 elections percentage of 93 % but in 2004 it 's just the percentage is 84% more parahya again in 2009 the percentage is 71 % may be caused due to many candidates that they think there is the criteria are not there to love money or a cool name his political money . Money politics is often the case in the present era to find the data of political money , a problem that also has mushroomed in the community lack of legislation in this matter also resulted in people not to participate in elections .

Act election 2014 election

The law on the election already stated in the Law of the Republic of Indonesia No. 8 of 2012 on the Election of Members of the House of Representatives , Regional Representatives Council and the Regional Representatives Council . With the general provisions of Chapter I of Part II of the Principles , Implementation , and Institute for Election Participants Chapter III and Chapter IV Requirements Following Election Choosing the Right Number of Seats Chapter V and Chapter VI Preparation of Electoral District Voters List Nomination of Chapter VII of DPR, DPD , Provincial and District / Municipal Campaign Chapter VIII Chapter IX Chapter X of Voting equipment Voting Vote Count Chapter XI Chapter XII Chapter XIII Determination of Election Results Determination of Acquisition Candidate Elected Chair and Chapter XIV Chapter XV Notice Substitution of Candidates Selected Candidate Ballot Voter Re- Chapter XVI , and a recapitulation of vote counting Birthday anniversary sound Chapter XVII Advanced Election and Election Monitoring Election Supplementary Chapter XVII Chapter XIX of Public Participation in the election arrangements for handling Chapter XX Chapter XXI Report Abuse Pelanggarakan Election Election code of conduct , violations Electoral Administration , Electoral disputes , criminal acts election , Administrative dispute dispute election and election provisions of Chapter XXII Chapter XXIII Criminal provisions etc. Transitional Provisions Chapter XXIV XXV Final Provisions .

One example the article that goes in the general field

Article 1, paragraph ( 2 ) of the Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia of 1945 states that " sovereignty belongs to the people and carried out in accordance with the Constitution " . The meaning of " sovereignty belongs to the people " is that the people are sovereign , responsibilities , rights and obligations to democratically elect a leader who will form the government to take care of and serve the whole society , as well as the people's representatives to oversee the running of the government .

political party

Political party is an organized group whose members have orientation , values , and ideals are the same .

According to experts Miriam Budiardjo : a political party is an organized group whose members have orientation , values  , and ideals in common with the aim of obtaining political power and seize political position ( usually ) , the constitutional way to implement policy - their policies .

Carl J. Friedrich : Political party is an organized group of people who are stable with the aim of seizing or maintaining the dominance of government for the party leader , and this mastery by giving the benefit of his party members that are ideal and material .

Political parties in Indonesia

Political parties in Indonesia is a national organization and was formed by a group of Indonesian citizens voluntarily on the basis of similarity of the will and ideals to fight for and defend the political interests of members , the community , the nation and the state , as well as maintain the integrity of the Unitary Republic of Indonesia based on Pancasila and Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia Year 1945 . This understanding is contained in article 1, paragraph 1 of Law No. . 2 of 2008 on Political Parties .

For those of political party is the hendal follow General elections must fulfill certain requirements established by the Act. Furthermore , the National Election Commission will conduct a verification process . The verification process consists of two stages : administrative verification and verification of factual

Law on Political Parties

Law No. 2 of 1999 on political parties Chapter I General Provisions Chapter II Conditions of Formation of Chapter III Chapter IV Objective Functions , Rights and Obligations of Membership and stewardship Chapter V Chapter VI Chapter VII of the Finance Supervision and Penalties Chapter VIII Chapter IX Transitional Ketentuan Final Provisions

Content Excerpt From Act number 2 of 1999

each political party has a position , functions , rights , and obligations are the same and equal . Sovereignty is in the hands of political parties anggotama , and therefore political parties shall be independent in its organization set nmiah stairs . Thus , the parties who are outside the party is not justified in the hands camper unisan household a Political Party .

To achieve a national life healthy is hoping aspirations of the founding fathers as defined in the Preamble of the 1945 Constitution , the setup of Political Parties in the state of life to consistently implement Pancasila as the State .

Thus the dynamics of democracy in Indonesia have a solid foundation . Karema main reference Political Parties have agreed upon, each political party may have principles or characteristics , aspirations and a separate program that is not contrary to Pancasila .

Names of Political Parties in the 2014 election

1.         PARTAI NASDEM

2.         PARTAI KEBANGKITAN BANGSA (PKB)

3.         PARTAI KEADILAN SEJAHTERA (PKS)

4.         PARTAI DEMOKRASI INDONESIA PERJUANGAN (PDIP)

5.         PARTAI GOLONGAN KARYA (GOLKAR)

6.         PARTAI GERAKAN INDONESIA RAYA (GERINDRA)

7.         PARTAI DEMOKRAT

8.         PARTAI AMANAT NASIONAL (PAN)

9.         PARTAI PERSATUAN PEMBANGUNAN (PPP)

10.       PARTAI HATI NURANI RAKYAT (HANURA)

11.       PARTAI DAMAI ACEH (PDA)

12.       PARTAI NASIONAL ACEH (PNA)

13.       PARTAI ACEH (PA)

14.       PARTAI BULAN BINTANG (PBB)

15.       PARTAI KEADILAN DAN PERSATUAN INDONESIA (PKPI)

From the list of the names of the parties there are 12 old parties that frequently appears on TV and 3 new party is the party that has met sayarat Aceh to participate in the election of 2014 election